Tar is archiving utility in Linux. With tar command
we can archive multiple files and directories into a single file,
extension of that file is “.tar”. gzip and bzip compression techniques
can be used with tar command.
So in this article we will cover all possible examples of tar.
Synatx :
So in this article we will cover all possible examples of tar.
Synatx :
# tar [options] [name of tar file to be created] [list of files & directories to be included]
Options:
-A, --catenate, --concatenate ----> append tar files to an archive
-c, --create ----> create a new archive
-d, --diff, --compare ---> find differences between archive and file system
--delete ---> delete from the archive (not on mag tapes!)
-r, --append ---> append files to the end of an archive
-t, --list ----> list the contents of an archive
--test-label ---> test the archive volume label and exit
-u, --update ---> only append files newer than copy in archive
-x, --extract, --get ----> extract files from an archive
Example:1 Create an Archive File
Syntax : # tar cvf <archive-Name>.tar /<file-OR-Directories To Be archived>
Above command will archive all the files and directories of /etc and /usr in backup.tar file.
Example:2 Extract the data from the archive file.
Above Command will extract files or directories in /mnt folder.
Example:3 List archive file contents without extracting
Example:4 Create archive using gzip compression technique.
Above Command will take the backup or archive of /etc & /usr folder according the current date & also compress the tar file using gzip.
Example:5 Create archive using bzip compression technique.
OR
Above Command will take the backup or archive of /etc & /usr folder according the current date & also compress the tar file using bzip.
Example :6 Extract data from .tar.gz or .tgz and .tar.bz2 or .tbz
Example:7 Extract Particular file and directory from the archive (.tar.gz or .tgz and .tar.bz2 or .tbz)
Above Command will extract passwd file from the backup tar file in the current directory.
Above command will extract the directory apache2 in the current directory
Example:8 Append new file or directory to the existing archive file using -r option
We cannot add file or directory to a compressed archive , so first we have to uncompress it , so that it has an extension of “.tar”
Above command will append the vmlinuz file to backup tar file , to append directory to an archive replace the file with directory name in the above command.
Example:9 Excluding files & Directories while taking backup using tar
There are some scenarios where we have to take the backup of a directory and have to exclude particular file in that directory.
Example : Take the backup of /etc directory & exclude a subdirectory directory (/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts).
Excluding files and directories using a file , this can be done via (--exclude-from or short form -X ).Create a file exclude.txt under /root folder, should have content:
“/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts”
Above command will take the backup of /etc folder excluding subdirectory“/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts”
Example:10 Backup using -T & -X option in tar
Where:
-T : get names to extract or create from FILE
-X : exclude patterns listed in FILE
In Some scenario , where we want to specify the files to be backed up and some files to be excluded from the backup.
Create file /root/include.txt ,
Create a file /root/exclude.txt
Now Take the backup using below command
Above command will take the backup of all files and directories mentioned in include.txt and will exculde files & directories mentioned in the exclude.txt file.
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-A, --catenate, --concatenate ----> append tar files to an archive
-c, --create ----> create a new archive
-d, --diff, --compare ---> find differences between archive and file system
--delete ---> delete from the archive (not on mag tapes!)
-r, --append ---> append files to the end of an archive
-t, --list ----> list the contents of an archive
--test-label ---> test the archive volume label and exit
-u, --update ---> only append files newer than copy in archive
-x, --extract, --get ----> extract files from an archive
Example:1 Create an Archive File
Syntax : # tar cvf <archive-Name>.tar /<file-OR-Directories To Be archived>
# tar cvf /mnt/backup.tar /etc /usr
Above command will archive all the files and directories of /etc and /usr in backup.tar file.
Example:2 Extract the data from the archive file.
# tar xpvf backup.tar -C /mnt/
Above Command will extract files or directories in /mnt folder.
Example:3 List archive file contents without extracting
# tar tvf /mnt/backup.tar
Example:4 Create archive using gzip compression technique.
# tar zcpvf /mnt/backup-$(date +%d-%m-%Y).tar.gz /etc /usr
OR
# tar zcpvf /mnt/backup-$(date +%d-%m-%Y).tgz /etc /usr
Above Command will take the backup or archive of /etc & /usr folder according the current date & also compress the tar file using gzip.
Example:5 Create archive using bzip compression technique.
# tar jcpvf /mnt/backup-$(date +%d-%m-%Y).tar.bz2 /etc /usr
OR
# tar jcpvf /mnt/backup-$(date +%d-%m-%Y).tbz /etc /usr
Above Command will take the backup or archive of /etc & /usr folder according the current date & also compress the tar file using bzip.
Example :6 Extract data from .tar.gz or .tgz and .tar.bz2 or .tbz
# tar zxpvf /mnt/backup-21-03-2013.tgz -C /location-where-to-extract
# tar jxpvf /mnt/backup-21-03-2013.tbz -C /location-where-to-extract
Example:7 Extract Particular file and directory from the archive (.tar.gz or .tgz and .tar.bz2 or .tbz)
# tar jxpvf backup-21-03-2013.tbz etc/passwd
Above Command will extract passwd file from the backup tar file in the current directory.
# tar jxpvf backup-21-03-2013.tbz etc/apache2
Above command will extract the directory apache2 in the current directory
Example:8 Append new file or directory to the existing archive file using -r option
We cannot add file or directory to a compressed archive , so first we have to uncompress it , so that it has an extension of “.tar”
# tar rvf /mnt/backup-21-03-2013.tar vmlinuz-3.2.0-38-generic
Above command will append the vmlinuz file to backup tar file , to append directory to an archive replace the file with directory name in the above command.
Example:9 Excluding files & Directories while taking backup using tar
There are some scenarios where we have to take the backup of a directory and have to exclude particular file in that directory.
Example : Take the backup of /etc directory & exclude a subdirectory directory (/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts).
# tar -zcpvf etc-$(date +%d-%m-%Y).tgz --exclude /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ /etc/
Excluding files and directories using a file , this can be done via (--exclude-from or short form -X ).Create a file exclude.txt under /root folder, should have content:
“/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts”
# tar -zcpvf etc-$(date +%d-%m-%Y).tgz -X /root/exclude.txt /etc/
Above command will take the backup of /etc folder excluding subdirectory“/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts”
Example:10 Backup using -T & -X option in tar
Where:
-T : get names to extract or create from FILE
-X : exclude patterns listed in FILE
In Some scenario , where we want to specify the files to be backed up and some files to be excluded from the backup.
Create file /root/include.txt ,
/etc
/home
/home
Create a file /root/exclude.txt
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts
/etc/fstab
/etc/fstab
Now Take the backup using below command
# tar -zcpvf backup-$(date +%d-%m-%Y).tgz -T /root/include.txt -X /root/exclude.txt
Above command will take the backup of all files and directories mentioned in include.txt and will exculde files & directories mentioned in the exclude.txt file.
+Linux +Linux Journal +Linux Magazine - Edición en Castellano +Red Hat
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